Stax, a startup that allows Africans to buy airtime, send and request money, and transfer funds between accounts via automated USSD codes, has raised a $2.2 million seed extension round.
U.S.-based VC firms World Within Ventures and Noemis Ventures co-led the round joining Anthemis Group, Orange DAO, 500 Startups, Garuda Ventures and GAN Ventures on the cap table.
In a market where internet-enabled app-based banking can reach 300 million subscribers on the continent, USSD technology, predominantly offline and used mainly by feature phones, outpaces it with 850 million connections. This technology allows people to send and receive money, pay for bills and buy data offline, and reports say more than 90% of digital transactions in sub-Saharan Africa are performed on its rails.
Telcos and banks dominate this mass market, providing the tech infrastructure that facilitates these code-based transactions. Typically, how it works is users dial a code for a service, say GTBank’s *737#, then follow a prompt asking if they want to send or receive money, pay bills or check their account balance, among other features, and the telco or bank acts upon that request.
But USSD does come with its unique challenges. Take Nigeria, for instance, where the average banked customer has three to five bank accounts and while some people use bank applications or fintech platforms to make online transactions, others rely on USSD codes. For the latter, memorizing one or two codes is one thing; cramming about five is a different ballgame.
Enter Stax. The company, founded by Ben Lyon, Jess Shorland and David Kutalek, fetches all these codes from multiple accounts together into an app users can access offline, letting them perform transactions without dialling any USSD code. The play here for Stax is to improve users’ experiences.
“Stax is all of your bank accounts, mobile wallets, crypto in a single app that works without mobile data. What we’re trying to respond to is tap into this recognition that you have about 300 million smartphone owners across Africa, who have a strong preference to transact via USSD instead of apps because they keep their mobile data turned off,” said CEO Lyon to TechCrunch.
“And so what we’re doing is building for them, because despite having a smartphone, they want to be offline. And that’s really the sweet spot where Stax comes out.”
Stax describes itself as a remote team with employees working from the U.S., the U.K, Nigeria and Kenya. Its platform is active in 10 African markets; however, it fully supports six countries — Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Nigeria, Ghana and Ethiopia, where more than 100 banks and mobile money accounts are available for customers to use.
The platform came out of beta last May. It had fewer than 3,000 monthly active users in its first month but has since grown to acquire more than 170,000 customers, of which only 40,000 are active monthly users.
While USSD is hailed for its ease-of-use and offline features, experts have highlighted over the years that improper validation in the technology can lead to attacks from hackers with a propensity to leak sensitive information.
Lyon acknowledges this issue and draws attention to the lack of a unified data regulation, which he feels is somewhat responsible for these issues. “For any company that wants to go pan-African, then it’s going to be intensely difficult to comply with all of those local regulations. And so my view on that is that the only way to win that game is to play a different game,” he said.
When users download Stax, they are only required to allow permissions from the app to send and view messages, access contacts and make and manage phone calls. According to Lyon, these permissions don’t divulge customers’ personal information. Therefore, in the event of a hack, for example, hackers can’t harm users, do anything with the data stolen or move money.
“We’d like to know as little as possible about our users individually; we don’t want to know their personal and identifiable details. So just moving toward saying this is a utility app for your money void of advertisement and cross-selling, we’re never going to sell your data, we’re never going to try and narrow ads to you,” explained the CEO on how Stax combats this situation.
Cross-selling users with data-backed insights would’ve presented Stax with an opportunity to get ad dollars. But having designed its app for a different purpose, the company— which currently makes no revenue— intends to charge commissions from partner brands who provide additional services to its users down the line.
Before Stax, Lyon, head of product Shorland and CTO Kutalek, met in Kenya while running different fintech-related businesses. Mobile money is more used in Kenya than anywhere else globally. So, when it came to starting a new project, they brainstormed around the technology powering it and saw an opportunity to optimize USSD rails for future use cases.
“We recognized that almost all digital financial services in the continent use USSD as their primary channel. So we set out originally with the question of ‘how can we make USSD programmable and how can we open it up so that one could effectively kind of screen scrape USSD services to build new experiences on them?’” said Lyon.
Faster deals, less diligence: The African startup market mirrors its larger rivals
The first iteration of the company was Hover. It was an API platform that allowed developers to build apps on USSD rails. Two years later, after the platform did not make enough revenue from developers, the team chose to go vertical to what it is today, Stax, a universal money app on USSD rails for African users. The parent company remains Hover.
Stax plans to include several features in the course of its journey, including a self custody crypto wallet starting with USDC so users can buy airtime when they dial nonfinancial codes. The seed extension equips Stax to develop these features and expand its services from 10 African countries to 50 when it closes its Series A round.
Lyon said Stax is also eyeing an emerging market play where it will expand beyond Africa into other markets where USSD is prevalent, like South and Southeast Asia. But that will come much later.
Comment